Page 33 - Azerbaijan State University of Economics

THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: THEORY AND PRACTICE, V.77, # 1, 2020, pp. 31-50

for tourism training were offered, can be described as the first study of the new
millennium. In her study, Azizova first introduced the country and then by
presenting general information about the economy, the development plans of the
country tourism and the vocational training level within these plans, the problems
encountered and solution proposals were mentioned. Seferov and Hesenov (2006)
evaluated the analysis of tourism potential and tourism efficiencies of Azerbaijan for
the period between 1996-2003. Novresli (2010) made an analysis by using the time
series econometrics based on tourism revenue and GDP variables between 1996 and
2008, and his hypothesis that the tourism sector increased economic growth within
the context of the Azerbaijani economy was studied by Zivot-Andrews and Gregory-
Hansen tests. As a result of the study, it was concluded that tourism sector affected
Azerbaijan's economic growth after 2003, especially at a higher rate since 2006.
Amanova (2019) measured the relationship between tourism revenues and the main
macroeconomic indicators of the Azerbaijani economy between 1995 and 2017 and
concluded, within the context of the Azerbaijani economy, that tourism revenues had
inverse and weak correlation with inflation and a positive and strong correlation
with GDP and budget revenues as well as the increasing effect of this on the GDP
variable tended to increase in the long term as a percentage.

In this study, the efficiency changes of hotel organizations, one of the most important
factors of tourism sector, were measured. For this purpose, Window Analysis and
Malmquist Index Total Factor Productivity analysis were performed with fixed scale
and variable scale methods of Nonparametric DEA. The target population of the study
was selected as the years of 2006 to 2018 obtained from the State Statistics Committee
of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and nine regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan were
selected as the scope of research. Average annual number of employees, total number
of rooms, total capacity of hotel and total annual expenditures were used as input
variable and number of people placed, number of overnight stays of guests and total
amount of annual income were used as output variable.

METHOD
The CCR model proposed by Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) in 1978 is the first
step that contributed to the development of DEA approach. Variable weight is used in
DEA method. Especially, weights are directly derived from data obtained as a result of
multiple assumptions and it is avoided from constant weight selected calculations.

In the literature, these weight values are named as “virtual input-output” or “virtual
weights” and are formulated as follows (Cooper et al., 2011: 13).

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