Page 4 - Azerbaijan State University of Economics

THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: THEORY AND PRACTICE, V.79, # 1, 2022, pp. 4-19

MEASUREMENT OF THE EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE IMPACT
ON THE IRAQI ECONOMY

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2
3
Hadeel M. Al Shukri , Abdelaziz Dammak , Hashim Al-Ali

1 The University of Sfax, Laboratory of Modelling and Optimization for Decisional,
Industrial and Logistic Systems, and Federal Board of Supreme Audit-Iraq,
hadelmahde@yahoo.com
2 The University Sfax, Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, Tunisia,
abdelaziz.dammak@fsegs.rnu.tn
3 International Macroeconomic Modelling and Fiscal Management Reform
Specialist, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, drhmalali@gmail.com

Received: January 14; accepted May 27, 2022; published online June 24, 2022

ABSTRACT
The principal objective of this paper is to examine and analyze the Explosive
Ordnance (EO) conditions in Iraq as a whole, and by Governorate (GO). An
attempt has been made to quantitatively measure the economic and social impact of
implanted explosive ordnance in Iraq, on multi-dimensions, i.e., sectoral, national,
and sub-national. This has been carried out, as a first attempt, and is being assessed
and measured for eighteen sectors (socio-economic variables), and eighteen sub-
national (governorates) excluding Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq. The overall
economic and social impact measured by this study varied by sector and by
geographical and administrative location. Out of the eighteen sectors, the most
affected sectors by the implanted mine explosive ordnance were: agriculture, water,
infrastructure, roads, non-agriculture activities (mainly manufacturing industry
projects), and oil fields. While the most impacted governorates (geographical
location within the nation) out of the eighteen analyzed governorates were: Basra,
Babylon, Anbar, Diyala, Ninawa, Wasit, and Missan. because these governorates
have the highest contamination, besides their location closer to population
communities

Key Word: Explosives Ordnance, National, Sub-National, Sectoral, Economic
Impact

Jel classification: N50, E01,L60

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