Page 12 - Azerbaijan State University of Economics

THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: THEORY AND PRACTICE, V.83, # 1, 2026, pp. 4-19

Figure 2: Literature density (107 keywords)

The most significant clusters identified in the concept networks were related to ESG,
sustainability, impact, performance, and corporate social responsibility (Figure 3). ESG
was connected in previous research to green innovation, green finance, digital
transformation or green, showing the trends in related research. As predicted, the most
significant issue regarding the ESG was how it will respond to the environmental targets
the companies aimed to achieve or how the innovation and digital transformation can
moderate the ESG efficiency. At the same time, corporate social responsibility was
widely investigated in relation with the risk, information, or market.

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