Page 31 - Azerbaijan State University of Economics

THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: THEORY AND PRACTICE, V.72, # 1, 2015, pp. 27-39

nutrition needs as there are recurring crop and livestock losses. In this regard, they are

commonly referred to as food ‗insecure‘ regions. Due to this fact harvesting and

consumption of meat from large stock such as cattle and water buffalo from the

farmer's own herd is limited, at times depriving the household of several essential fatty

acids. However, diversification of crop and livestock production in most food

‗insecure‘ regions gives these communities a nutrition advantage over other more

defined production systems (Toledo & Burlingama, 2006). These farmers raise small

stock such as goats, sheep, rabbits, pigs, domestic fowl (geese, guinea fowl, chickens

and turkey) and donkey to supplement their meat intake. Additional fatty acid sources

include milk and eggs gathered from these species for daily consumption, occasionally

game meat and fish. Most animals reared in these production systems are allowed to

graze and feed on naturally occurring forage and fodder, resulting in meat and eggs

high amounts of MUFA and PUFA and less amounts of SFA, cholesterol and TFA

compared to intensively raised animals commonly consumed in food ‗secure‘ regions

(Fraeye et al., 2012 and Wolmarans, 2009). According to FAO (2010),

79.8 million tonnes of fish was consumed in the developing world compared to

24.4 million tonnes in the developed world. Fish are the cheapest source of protein

frequently consumed in low-income food ‗insecure‘ regions of the world and are a

rich source of micronutrients and essential fatty acids necessary for infant growth and

brain development (Belton & Thilsted, 2014). Considering the n − 3 PUFA, EPA and

DHA, content in farmed fish (though fairly lower than of wild capture fisheries

commonly supplied to food ‗secure‘ regions), diets of small scale communal

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