Page 128 - Azerbaijan State University of Economics

Ilkin Seyidzade, Rudnak Ildiko: General Implementation Processes of Artificial
Intelligence and Its Economic Effects in Hungary

conditions for use, identify stakeholders, and support the development and operation
of the data market (Origo, 2019).

Trends
According to the latest study by PwC Hungary (PWC, 2019), today's most disruptive
technology solutions - automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence - will
have a significant impact on Hungarian workers in the coming years. According to
the OECD, Hungary is basically an industrial-focused economy, so the effects of
technological changes will mainly affect the domestic labor market from the 2030s.
It is estimated that over 900,000 jobs will be affected by AI in the next 15 years.
Based on the economic structure of the country, it can be concluded that the
automation of manual tasks that require precision or monotonous tasks in Hungary
can cause the greatest changes in the labor market. However, according to PwC
Hungary, this can only be expected from the 2030s, the third wave of AI, with the
automation of manual and manual precision tasks. On this basis, the Hungarian
manufacturing, shipping, and construction industries will be dramatically affected by
the rise of artificial intelligence. In terms of numbers, approx. 380,000 jobs will be
affected by AI in the manufacturing industry, 108,000 in the transportation industry,
and 107,000 in the construction industry. Jobs are also likely to change in the 2030s.

Table 2 shows the expected results of the automatization process in the Hungarian
economy from the 2020s to the 2030s. In the first wave, AI will be able to perform
simple computational tasks and analysis of structured data sets in the first half of the
2020s, which could affect sectors specifically based on data processing (e.g. financial
and info-communication sectors). From the mid-2020s (second wave), AI's influence
will be enhanced by being able to perform business support functions as well as simple
decision-making functions (e.g., general data retrieval and reconciliation /
HR/accounting functions). In addition, AI is expected to move objects independently in
well-controlled environments, such as warehouses. From the 2030s (third wave), AI is
expected to appear in the automation of manual and precision work (e.g. assembly,
shipping) (PWC, 2019).

By 2030, economic growth will result in the productivity of between 0.8 and 1.4%,
depending on the degree of AI integration. It is not only in the workplace that the
impact of automation can be observed, as the demand for automated processes,
including education, healthcare, hotel, and financial services, will increase as
demand increases. In principle, due to automation and development, wages will also
have to increase, but some estimates are likely to generate more significant wage
differences between the strata of those with different incomes. If AI becomes
accepted by the people in Hungary as well, economic competitiveness can be
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