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Sathish Kumar Murugan, Ganeshkumar D.Rede, Teena Lakshmi Baskaran, Prity Kumari,
Alina Cristina Nuta: Determinants of Solar Water Pumping System Adoption Among
Farmers: A Factor
Analysis Approach

Longitudinal research can evaluate the long-term socio-economic and environmental

impacts of solar water pumping system adoption, including effects on groundwater
sustainability, income diversification, and resilience to climate variability. Behavioral
studies focusing on technology diffusion, and peer influence provide insights into the
informal mechanisms that drive adoption. Moreover, detailed cost-benefit and life-
cycle assessments are needed to evaluate the financial feasibility of solar pumps under
various ownership and financing models. Ultimately, integrating solar water pumping
systems with emerging digital technologies, such as IoT-based monitoring systems
and AI-driven irrigation scheduling tools, can set the direction for innovative,
efficient, and climate-resilient farming systems.

Author Contributions:
Conceptualization, Sathish Murugan, Ganeshkumar D Rede, Prity Kumari, and Alina
Cristina Nuta; Formal analysis, Ganeshkumar D Rede, Teena Baskaran;
Methodology, Sathish Murugan, Teena Baskaran, Prity Kumari and Alina Cristina
Nuta; Writing – original draft, Sathish Murugan, Ganeshkumar D Rede, Teena
Baskaran, Prity Kumari, and Alina Cristina Nuta; Writing – review & editing, Sathish
Murugan, Ganeshkumar D Rede, Teena Baskaran, Prity Kumari and Alina Cristina
Nuta
Funding: The presented study has not received any funding from any agency/organization.
Data availability statement: The original contributions of this study are provided
within the article.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

References

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energy transition in Europe: Do energy exporters play a significant role? Gondwana
Research, 140, 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2024.11.017

Agrawal, S., & Jain, A. (2019). Sustainable deployment of solar irrigation pumps:
Key determinants and strategies. WIREs Energy and Environment, 8(2), e325.
https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.325

Anjanappa, J., Kuvelkar, R., & Bhattacharya, A. (2023). Renewable Energy
Technologies (RETs) in India: Opportunities and Challenges from a Frugal
Innovation Perspective. SSRN Electronic Journal.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4381239

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