Page 53 - Azerbaijan State University of Economics

Li Ting: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics on International Trade: A Study
on the Reshaping of the Global Value Chain and the Transformation of Trade Patterns

4.2 Policy Response and National Strategic Path
Policy Reconstruction and Global Governance Participation of Various Countries.
Faced with the profound impact of artificial intelligence technology on international
trade rules and operational mechanisms, countries must proactively adjust traditional
trade policies to incorporate AI-related elements such as cross-border data flows,
algorithm regulation, digital taxation, and privacy protection. For instance, the
European Union has integrated AI governance into trade and market regulations
through the AI Act and Digital Markets Act, striving to establish a dominant position
within the digital regulatory framework. Meanwhile, global technology and data
regulations remain in a phase of rapid evolution, with multilateral institutions like the
WTO, OECD, and G20 emerging as key negotiating platforms. Countries should
actively participate in the development of digital trade agreements, AI governance
principles, and global data standards promoted by these organizations. This engagement
will help secure greater influence in rule-making, preventing nations from being
relegated to a passive role in the emerging technology-driven global trade landscape.

Strategic Path Selection for Developing Countries. Although low-income countries
currently lag in AI adoption, advances in artificial intelligence offer an unprecedented
opportunity for these economies to leapfrog traditional development constraints and
harness AI for social and economic progress in critical sectors such as healthcare,
education, and infrastructure (Khan, 2024). These countries should give priority to the
construction of digital infrastructure, such as 5G networks, cloud computing platforms
and national data centers, to lay the foundation for the subsequent development of
intelligent industries. At the same time, local enterprises should be encouraged to
adopt AI technology to achieve production upgrades and accelerate the transformation
from traditional manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing.

At the strategic level, developing countries should also attach importance to talent
training and international cooperation, and enhance their AI application capabilities
by introducing foreign capital, technical assistance, and digital capacity building
projects. In addition, actively participating in regional cooperation frameworks (such
as RCEP, African Continental Free Trade Area) and negotiations on global digital
governance rules is a key way to integrate into the global digital economy and break
through the "technological divide". Only by achieving dual improvement in technical
capabilities and institutional participation can developing countries strive for a more
advantageous position in the future global value chain.

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