Page 49 - Azerbaijan State University of Economics

Li Ting: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics on International Trade: A Study
on the Reshaping of the Global Value Chain and the Transformation of Trade Patterns

The picture clearly shows the continuous growth trend of the number of regional trade
agreements (RTAs) between 2000 and 2023: from about 100 agreements in 2000 to
374 in 2023. The substantial increase in the number of regional trade agreements
reflects the shift in the globalization model: international trade is evolving from a
global agreement system dominated by the WTO to a regionalized and multilateral
framework, forming a new pattern of "regional coordination".

3.2 Emerging Trade Models: Digital Trade and Smart Supply Chain
Against the backdrop of the accelerated integration of technologies such as artificial
intelligence (AI), big data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things, global trade is
undergoing a deep transformation from traditional commodity trade to a new digital and
intelligent trade model. The rise of digital trade and smart supply chains has not only
improved the efficiency and transparency of global trade, but also reshaped the
interaction mode and value creation logic between trade participants, marking that
international trade is entering a new stage driven by technology(Zhang et al.,
2020).Recent research demonstrates how AI-enhanced digital tools transform
international service trade and digital platforms. Darvidou & Siskos (2025) find that the
implementation of AI-driven digital marketing and analytics significantly improves
consumer targeting and market demand conversion in cross-border service sectors,
highlighting the role of intelligent platforms in reshaping modern trade structures.

Digital Trade Promotes the Intelligentization of Trade Methods. Digital trade
involves cross-border transactions of goods, services and data through electronic means,
covering e-commerce, digital products and online services. The popularization of AI has
accelerated its intelligence and improved precision marketing and transaction conversion
rates, such as Alibaba's "Thousand Faces for Thousands of People" and Amazon's
customized pages. AI also helps with risk control and payment risk control, and promotes
the development of digital trade platforms towards intelligent integration.

Intelligent Supply Chain Improves Global Collaborative Efficiency. Another
significant aspect of AI's impact on global trade lies in the intelligent transformation
of supply chain management. Smart supply chains leverage big data, AI algorithms,
and real-time data processing to optimize the entire process—from production
forecasting and inventory management to transportation scheduling—substantially
enhancing the responsiveness and resilience of global trade operations. AI can identify
market trends and potential bottlenecks in real time within massive datasets, assisting
enterprises in precise supply-demand forecasting and dynamic scheduling. For
instance, companies like Walmart and JD.com utilize AI for automated inventory
replenishment and optimized transportation routes, effectively reducing logistics costs
and warehousing losses.

49