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Fariz A. Guliyev: The economics of financial securities for environmental obligations and
                                                     their impact in royalty revenues from Alberta oil sands in North America


                     Operating Life Deposit (OLD)


                     OLD mitigates  risks as mine reserves matures. The OLD  is  normally  a difference in

               reclamation liabilities above BSD.


                    The Approval Holder must start paying financial security for reclamation purposes when

               there is less than or equal to fifteen years of reserves left. The deadline for fully funded security

               is when a  mine facility  has  six  years  of reserve life left. The financial security  posting


               requirements due to reserve years left is depicted in Figure 1.

                              Figure 1. Time Related Posting Requirements for Financial Securities





















                                        Source: MFSP Assets/Liabilities, Alberta Environment


                     The  OLD  amount is normally calculated as the  difference  between  the actual reclamation

               liabilities incurred to date minus the BSD paid at inception (Reclamation Liability incurred up to date

               – BSD = OLD. This function is derived based on the MFSP Guide of Alberta Environment 2011.).


                     Asset Safety Factor Deposit (ASFD)

                   According to the MFSP guide an MFSP Asset to MFSP Liability ratio of 3.00 (three) must

               be maintained during the life of the mining production. The Approval Holder is required to bring


               the MFSP Asset/MFSP  Liability  ratio to  3.00 whenever  the  rate falls below  3.00. For this

               purpose, the Approval Holder posts additional financial security.


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