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Tuba Bingöl, Leila Samii, Tej Dhakar: Co-Communication and Brand Reflection in Higher Education:
                                                                                        Perceptions of Enrollment Intention and Recommending

                    One method that is commonly used to determine whether the target audience will
                    recommend a product is Net Promotor Score (NPS) (Reichheld, 2003). Moreover,
                    NPS has been found to increase brand loyalty (Schultz and Block, 2012). In this study,
                    the measure of NPS was not used, however, students’ recommending the university
                    to others was analyzed. Therefore, it would be important to note and to explore further
                    whether NPS has a same impact in the university setting in terms of brand loyalty.

                    Future research should explore the type of communication that impacts enrollment
                    decision  from  UGC  and  UCC.  Our  research  focused  on  enrollment  intention  and
                    recommending the university, through co-collaboration and brand reflection, but did
                    not look at specific content. It would be interesting to explore the actual content that
                    follows the journey.

                    Moreover,  this  research  only  focused  on  international  students  and  a  university
                    setting. It would be important to extend this research to international consumers as a
                    whole.  Since  students  are  more  familiar  with  social  media,  the  information  may
                    change with different generations as well as with different product categories.

                    REFERENCES

                    Aaker, D. A., and K. L. Keller. 1990. “Consumer Evaluations of Brand Extensions.”
                    Journal of Marketing 54 (1): 27 – 41.

                    Bélanger, C. H., Bali, S. & Longden, B. (2014). How Canadian universities use social
                    media to brand themselves, Tertiary Education and Management, 20:1, 14-29

                    Bolat,  E.  &  O’Sullivan,  E.  (2017).  Radicalising  the  marketing  of  higher  education:
                    learning from student-generated social media data. Journal of Marketing Management,
                    33:9-10, 742-763

                    Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B. & Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual
                    brand community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66, 105–114

                    Chauhan,  K.  &  Pillai,  A.  (2013).  Role  of  content  strategy  in  social  media  brand
                    communities: a case of higher education institutes in India. Journal of Product  &
                    Brand Management,   Vol. 22 Issue: 1, pp.40-51.

                    Chen,  C.  (2016).  The  Investigation  on  Brand  Image  of  University  Education  and
                    Students’ Word-of-Mouth Behavior. Higher Education Studies; Vol. 6, No. 4; 2016
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